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The Erdene Zuu Monastery ((モンゴル語:Эрдэнэ Зуу хийд )) is probably the earliest surviving Buddhist monastery in Mongolia. Located in Övörkhangai Province, approximately 2 km north-east from the center of Kharkhorin and adjacent to the ancient city of Karakorum, it is part of the Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1081 )〕 Abtai Sain Khan, ruler of the Khalkha Mongols and grandfather of Zanabazar, the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, ordered construction of the Erdene Zuu monastery in 1585 after his meeting with the 3rd Dalai Lama and the declaration of Tibetan Buddhism as the state religion of Mongolia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Erdene Zuu Monastery )〕 Stones from the nearby ruins of the ancient Mongol capital of Karakorum were used in its construction.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Karakorum )〕 Planners attempted to create a surrounding wall that resembled a Tibetan Buddhist rosary featuring 108 stupas (108 being a sacred number in Buddhism), but this objective was probably never achieved.〔Niels Gutschow, Andreas Brandt, Die Baugeschichte der Klosteranlage von Erdeni Joo (Erdenezuu), in Claudius Müller (ed.), ''Dschingis Khan und seine Erben'', Bonn 2005, p.353〕 The monastery's temple walls were painted, and the Chinese-style roof covered with green tiles. The monastery was damaged in 1688 during one of the many wars between Dzungars and Khalkha Mongols. Locals dismantled the wooden fortifications of the abandoned monastery.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Erdene Zuu monastery )〕 It was rebuilt in the 18th century and by 1872 had a full 62 temples and housed up to 1000 monks. According to tradition, in 1745 a local Buddhist disciple named Bunia made several unsuccessful attempts to fly with a device he invented similar to parachute.〔 In 1939 the Communist leader Khorloogiin Choibalsan ordered the monastery destroyed, as part of a purge〔http://www.ciaonet.org/atlas/countries/mn_data_loc.html#a6〕 that obliterated hundreds of monasteries in Mongolia and killed over ten thousand monks. Three small temples and the external wall with the stupas survived the initial onslaught and by 1944 Joseph Stalin pressured Choibalsan to maintain the monastery (along with Gandantegchinlen Monastery in Ulaanbaatar) as a showpiece for international visitors, such as U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace, to prove that the communist regime allowed freedom of religion. In 1947 the temples were converted into museums and for the four decades that followed Gandantegchinlen Khiid Monastery became Mongolia's only functioning monastery. After the fall of Communism in Mongolia in 1990, the monastery was turned over to the lamas and Erdene Zuu again became a place of worship. Today Erdene Zuu remains an active Buddhist monastery as well as a museum that is open to tourists. On a hill outside the monastery sits a stone phallus called Kharkhorin Rock. The phallus is said to restrain the sexual impulses of the monks and ensure their good behavior.〔 〕 == Gallery == Image:Karakorum.jpg|A view of the outer wall Image:ErdeneZuuKhiidLaviran.jpg|Laviran Temple at Erdene Zuu monastery. Image:BuddhaErdeneZuuMonasteryMongolia.JPG|A Buddha at the monastery Image:ErdeneZuuKhiidTemple.jpg|Temple at Erdene Zuu monastery Image:Złota Stupa w klasztorze Erdene Dzuu 01.jpg|The "Golden Stupa" at Erdene Zuu File:Erdene Zuu 4.jpg|Stone Turtle near to the Monastery Erdene Zuu File:Erdene Zuu 5.JPG|Temple at Erdene Zuu File:Świątynia Dalajlamy 04.jpg|The Temple of Dalai Lama File:Niebo nad budynkami klasztoru Erdene Dzuu 05.jpg|Erdene Zuu File:Erdene Zuu 1.JPG|Erdene Zuu File:Erdene Zuu buildings.jpg|Erdene Zuu buildings File:Stupy w murze klasztoru Erdene Dzuu 04.jpg|Stupas File:Budda Sandżaa w Świątyni Zachodniej w klasztorze Erdene Dzuu (01).jpg|Sanjaa (Buddha Dīpankara) inside Western Temple File:Budda Siakjamuni w Świątyni Zachodniej w klasztorze Erdene Dzuu.jpg|Buddha Sakyamuni inside Western Temple File:Sita Mahakala w Głównej Świątyni w klasztorze Erdene Dzuu.jpg|Sita Mahakala (Gonggor) inside Main Temple File:Budda Amitabha w Głównej Świątyni w klasztorze Erdene Dzuu.jpg|Buddha Amitābha (The Buddha of Immeasurable Life and Light) inside Main Temple File:Budda w swoich młodzieńczych latach w klasztorze Erdene Dzuu.jpg|Buddha in his teenage years inside Eastern Temple File:Phallic Rock1.jpg|Phallic Rock File:Monastère d'Erdene Zuu.JPG|Monastery File:Sklep z pamiątkami i muzeum w klasztorze Erdene Dzuu 01.jpg|Gift shop and museum File:Erdene Zuu monastery door knocker.jpg|Erdene Zuu 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Erdene Zuu Monastery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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